Hedgehogs are fascinating, unique pets with distinct needs that set them apart from other small mammals. With their spiky exterior and insect-based diet, these nocturnal creatures require special attention to thrive in captivity. Whether you’re a first-time hedgehog owner or looking to improve your pet’s care, this guide covers all the essential information you need to ensure your hedgehog is happy and healthy
1.The Natural History of Hedgehogs
Hedgehogs are small mammals belonging to the subfamily Erinaceinae. Native to parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, hedgehogs are most often found in the hedges of shrubs and trees. They received their name due to their hog-like snout and their habit of rooting through hedges. While they may look similar to porcupines due to their spiny coats, hedgehogs are not related to porcupines, which are actually rodents.
2.Hedgehogs as Pets
Hedgehogs have a long history of being kept as pets, with ancient Romans being the first to domesticate them. However, modern domestication of hedgehogs began in the 1980s. Today, the most popular breed of hedgehog kept as a pet is the African pygmy hedgehog, a hybrid of the four-toed and Algerian species. These small, friendly hedgehogs typically live 4-6 years when properly cared for.
It’s important to note that hedgehogs are illegal in some states, so before acquiring one, make sure to check your local laws to ensure that owning a hedgehog is permitted in your area.
3.Common Hedgehog Breeds
African Pygmy Hedgehog: The most common breed for pets, ranging from 6 to 8 inches in length.
European Hedgehog: A larger species, typically found in the wild in Europe.
Long-Eared Hedgehog: Known for its distinctive, long ears, found in parts of Africa and the Middle East.
4.Hedgehog Housing and Enclosure
Hedgehogs are very active animals, and they require enough space to exercise, dig, and explore. The minimum enclosure size should be around 6 square feet, but more space is always better. Cages designed for guinea pigs or rabbits are suitable, but avoid wire-bottom cages, as the gaps can hurt your hedgehog’s delicate feet. Instead, use soft bedding, such as recycled paper or towels, which should be changed regularly.
A large, solid running wheel is essential for your hedgehog’s physical health. Hedgehogs can run several miles a day, and without enough exercise, they can become overweight or develop foot sores. Make sure the wheel is solid (not made of wire) and is about 11-12 inches in diameter to accommodate their size.
Your hedgehog’s enclosure should also include a hide box where they can retreat and sleep, a food bowl, and a water bottle. Since hedgehogs are nocturnal, their activity peaks in the evening, so keep their cage in a quiet area where they won’t disturb your sleep.
Maintaining the Right Temperature
Hedgehogs thrive in warm environments, ideally between 75-85°F. If the temperature drops too low, hedgehogs may become lethargic and attempt to hibernate, which can be fatal in captivity. Use a heat lamp or an indirect heating pad to maintain the correct temperature, especially in colder months.
Hedgehog Bedding
Choosing the right bedding for your hedgehog is essential for their comfort and health. The bedding should be soft, absorbent, and safe for your pet, as well as easy to maintain. Here are the best bedding options to consider for your hedgehog’s home.
Recycled Paper Bedding is a popular and safe choice for hedgehogs. This bedding is soft, absorbent, and non-toxic, making it gentle on your hedgehog’s sensitive feet. It helps control odors and is easy to clean, making it a practical option for hedgehog owners.
Fleece is another eco-friendly bedding option that many hedgehog owners prefer. Fleece is soft, washable, and reusable, reducing waste. However, it is less absorbent than paper-based bedding, so it will need to be cleaned regularly to maintain hygiene.
Aspen Shavings provide a natural and absorbent bedding solution for hedgehogs. Aspen is safe for hedgehogs, unlike cedar and pine, which contain oils that can cause respiratory issues. Aspen shavings are soft and comfortable, making them a great bedding choice for your pet.
Care fresh bedding is made from recycled paper and is known for being soft, absorbent, and dust-free. It’s another excellent choice for hedgehogs, as it offers a clean environment while being gentle on their feet. This bedding is easy to change and maintain, promoting a healthy living space for your pet.
Hemp Bedding is a highly absorbent and eco-friendly option that effectively controls odors. It is safe for hedgehogs and provides a natural bedding choice. Hemp bedding is an excellent alternative for owners looking for a sustainable, non-toxic material for their pet’s cage.
Bedding to Avoid:
Some bedding materials can pose risks to hedgehogs and should be avoided. Cedar and Pine Shavings contain oils that can irritate a hedgehog’s respiratory system, leading to health problems. These shavings also emit a strong odor that can be harmful to your pet. Cat Litter or Sand are also unsuitable for hedgehogs, as they are not absorbent enough and may cause digestive issues if ingested. It’s important to stick to safe, natural materials for bedding.
Bedding Setup:
To create a comfortable environment, add a 1-2 inch layer of bedding to the bottom of your hedgehog’s cage. This will help absorb waste and keep the area clean. Provide a hiding spot or burrow area filled with soft bedding, as hedgehogs like to have a secluded place to rest. Regular cleaning and replacement of bedding is necessary to maintain hygiene and prevent odors from building up. Keeping the bedding fresh is vital for your hedgehog's overall well-being.
By selecting the right bedding and ensuring proper care, you’ll create a comfortable and healthy home for your hedgehog, promoting their happiness and well-being.
5.Hedgehog Diet and Nutrition
As insectivores, hedgehogs primarily eat insects, and their diet should reflect this. While they can eat mealworms, crickets, and other live insects, their staple diet should be specially formulated hedgehog kibble, which is designed to meet their nutritional needs. It’s important to choose kibble that contains blood meal and chitin—two nutrients essential to hedgehogs but often missing in standard cat food.
To supplement their diet, offer vegetables like peas, carrots, and broccoli, along with occasional protein-rich treats such as scrambled eggs or cooked chicken. Fresh, clean water should always be available in their enclosure.
6.Hedgehog Behavior and Handling
Hedgehogs are naturally solitary and nocturnal animals. When first handling a hedgehog, be patient, as they can be shy and will likely curl into a spiky ball when frightened. Tame hedgehogs, especially those under 8 weeks old, are more likely to enjoy being held. Over time, with consistent handling, your hedgehog will become accustomed to you and may even crawl into your hands for cuddles.
It's important to remember that hedgehogs don’t like having their heads petted and may roll up defensively if startled. If your hedgehog seems stressed or scared, give them space and time to adjust. You can also try placing them in a shallow bath to clean their feet, as hedgehogs aren’t fond of water.
7.Grooming and Hygiene
Hedgehogs are generally good at grooming themselves, but they do require occasional help. Bathe your hedgehog no more than once every two weeks, as over-bathing can dry out their skin. One of the most important aspects of hedgehog grooming is nail trimming, as they don’t have the ability to naturally wear down their nails in captivity. You can trim your hedgehog’s nails with human nail scissors, but be careful not to cut too close to the pink flesh, as this can cause bleeding. Regular vet visits are also recommended to ensure your hedgehog’s health.
Exercise Needs
Hedgehogs are nocturnal and require a lot of exercise to stay healthy. Without sufficient activity, they can become overweight, depressed, and develop foot sores. Providing an exercise wheel and a safe play area is crucial for their well-being.
8.Health Concerns
Like all pets, hedgehogs are susceptible to health issues, including:
Obesity: This is often due to overfeeding and lack of exercise. Make sure to feed your hedgehog the recommended amount of food.
Dental Disease: Regular check-ups and occasional dental cleanings are important to prevent tooth loss.
Mite Infestation: Mites can cause skin issues, including hair loss and irritation. If your hedgehog is losing too many spines, consult a vet.
Spine Loss: A little spine loss is normal, but excessive loss could indicate a health issue.
Tumors: Female hedgehogs are prone to uterine tumors, so spaying is recommended to eliminate this risk.
Common Signs of Illness
If your hedgehog shows any of the following symptoms, it may be a sign of illness, and you should consult a vet:
Lethargy or decreased activity
Appetite loss or weight loss
Diarrhea or unusual stool
Respiratory issues, such as wheezing or coughing
Skin abnormalities, like flaky skin or hair loss
Swelling or bleeding around the mouth or anus
Hedgehogs are unique and delightful pets that require careful attention and a proper environment to thrive. By providing the right diet, housing, and regular care, you can ensure that your hedgehog leads a happy and healthy life. Whether you're a first-time owner or a seasoned hedgehog enthusiast, understanding their needs and habits is key to fostering a strong bond and creating a comfortable home for your spiky friend. With the right care, your hedgehog can be a joyful and intriguing companion for many years to come.
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Our specialty is premium live and dried insect-based feeds like mealworms, superworms, crickets, roaches, waxworms, and hornworms. These insects are grown on an organic diet, making them a nutritious and tasty treat for your pets.
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